Plantar Fasciitis is one of the most common orthopedic issues related to the foot and is defined as an inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot that connects the heel bone to the toes and creates the arch of the foot. Plantar Fasciitis can develop when the tissues that create arch of the foot, the Plantar Fascia, is overstretched or overused as a result of many possible causes. Risk factors may include but are not limited to: less than ideal arch of the foot – either flat feet or too high of an arch, obesity or sudden weight gain, tight calf muscles and especially the tendons surrounding the foot and ankle, long distance running or prolonged standing or walking from occupational or other activities, and from shoes that have insufficient arch support or soft soles. Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis most often include an either sharp or dull pain as well as stiffness under heel and throughout the arch of the foot. The pain can include tenderness, redness and swelling as well and is usually greatest during the morning or after inactivity, after repeated standing or sitting, while climbing stairs and after moderate to intense physical activity.
Though most often affecting men and women over 40, Plantar Fasciitis can happen to anyone as there are many risk factors and common causes that may contribute to developing this condition. Depending on the situation, Plantar Fasciitis can occur more suddenly or develop over a longer period of time. Those who feel pain in the bottom of the heel and stiffness in the arch of the foot are often diagnosed with Plantar Fasciitis though other conditions must be ruled out before a diagnosis is complete. Heel spurs, stress fractures, and Achilles tendonitis are examples of conditions that are more likely to be present in addition to Plantar Fasciitis; while other issues affecting the foot like diabetes, leprosy, and peripheral neuropathy are much less linked to having or developing Plantar Fasciitis. While many people may have a genetic predisposition to developing this condition – such as an excessive high arch or flat foot – most other risk factors are influenced by your environment, occupation, and behaviors.
If you have been diagnosed with Plantar Fasciitis, there is a wide assortment of short and long term treatment options available to you. Treatment may last a few short months or even a few years, though the average treatment time is around 8-10 months. It is first very important to rest as much as possible for 1-2 weeks after being diagnosed with the condition. Over the counter medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen and the application of ice to the affected area a couple times a day for 10-15 minutes may help alleviate any associated pain and swelling. Doctors may also recommend using night splints that help stretch and heal the Plantar Fascia, or wearing a boot cast for up to 6 weeks, and sometimes a steroid injection into the heel to relieve more extreme or prolonged pain. If these treatment options don’t alleviate most of your symptoms, surgery to relieve the pain and release the tight tissues may be considered.
Wearing proper shoes, especially during physical activity or prolonged walking, sitting, or standing may be one of the most important steps you can take to prevent Plantar Fasciitis. Shoe inserts, particularly those prescribed by an orthopedist or chiropractor may help prevent the condition from happening or at least minimize the chance for more intrusive actions needed such as surgery or steroid injections. Maintaining foot flexibility, and to a lesser extent lower and upper leg flexibility is also a great way to prevent Plantar Fasciitis and other related foot issues or injuries. Improving ankle mobility without compromising stability and stretching the muscles of the lower leg can be completed through various stretch positions. All of these prevention tactics can be implemented immediately and can help you maintain healthy (and happy!) feet so that you can sustain your preferred activity level and desired lifestyle.
OTHER RESOURCES:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004438/
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/plantar-fasciitis-topic-overview
http://www.medicinenet.com/foot_pain/article.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/plantar-fasciitis/DS00508

